New York: The venerable slot machine is undergoing a generational shift.

For more than a century, since its invention by a German immigrant named Charles Fey in the 1890s, slot machines have required little more than cash, faith and an ability to pull a lever or push a button.

But now a new class of machines, aimed at attracting younger players who grew up with video games, is demanding something else – skill.

Adding an element of hand-eye coordination, however simple, is just one way slot makers are laboring to broaden the appeal of the bleating, insistent devices that have proved so popular among older players. Besides new devices that provide an extra payoff for game-playing dexterity, manufacturers have developed communal games that link clusters of machines – which are proving popular with people under 40.

Coming soon are slot machines with joy sticks, which the industry expects to be particularly popular, and others that will allow users to play in tandem or against one another, much like they do in many Internet games.

Industry surveys show that those age 21 to 40 have fewer moral qualms about gambling than baby boomers and their parents. The problem for the industry is that they spend much less time in the casinos than older players.

„Younger players come to town to party,“ said George Maloof Jr., president of the Palms Casino Resort, a popular Las Vegas hangout for people under 40. „They drink, they go to nightclubs, they go to the after-hours clubs, they check out the pool for the scene there. Gambling in general is not high on their agenda.“

But gambling, particularly playing the slots, still pays the bills. Slot machines are sometimes called „beautiful vaults“ in the industry because they bring in nearly three-quarters of the roughly USD 60 billion in gambling revenue that American casinos generate.

So manufacturers are aiming to provide casino operators with the money machines they need to justify the many billions of dollars they have spent, and continue to spend, expanding existing properties and opening facilities in new markets.

„With all the growth going on, every casino has to bring in new players or we’ll see a drop in everyone’s market share,“ said Frank Legato, managing editor of Global Gaming Business, a trade journal. „It’s critical to keep bringing new players into casinos rather than recycle those who are already there.“

Most of the USD 1 billion-plus that the roughly one million slot machines in the United States take in on a typical day is paid to winners. But about 5 to 10 percent, depending on the casino and whether it is a penny, nickel or dollar machine, stays with the casino.

„The slot makers need to figure out how to develop these younger players,“ Maloof said. „We need it for the bottom line.“

One issue for the industry, said Tim Stanley, chief information officer at Harrah’s Entertainment, the Las Vegas gambling giant that runs several dozen casinos across the country, is that younger visitors tend to choose less profitable table games over slot machines.

Slot makers acknowledge that they are in the early phase of their efforts to draw in younger players. Moreover, they do not want to discourage their prime audience; they continue to create games aimed at reaching those they identify as the industry’s most coveted users: women 55 to 65 with time on their hands and money to spend.

Still, a new generation of machines is starting to crowd out the boxy, chrome devices that for decades have dominated the slot floor. These machines include features like surround sound, flat-panel display screens and images as vivid as those seen on today’s video games. One of the most popular is a slot machine based on the movie „Top Gun,“ created by WMS Gaming.

Joy sticks are just around the corner, slot makers say, and over the next several years, industry specialists expect casinos to start investing in network systems that allow for games that mix gambling with the head-to-head competition popular in online computer games like World of Warcraft and Halo.

„We can’t just make a slot thinking about the 55-year-old lady who comes to the casino a few times a month,“ said Rob Bone, marketing director for WMS Gaming. „We need to appeal to new buckets of players, or we’ll die.“

At the Showboat casino in Atlantic City, a younger generation is particularly drawn to communal play machines.

Slot manufacturers face conflicting demands in seeking to appeal to the widest possible group. They make games that have long appealed to those wanting to zone out in front of a machine that is neither physically nor mentally taxing. But younger players are yearning for more challenging games.

„Younger people, after years of solitary activity on their Gameboys and televisions and PCs, desire real human interaction,“ said Joseph Weinert, an analyst with the Spectrum Gaming Group, based in Atlantic City. „That’s why you see poker being so popular along with other table games.“

Still, the generation that grew up on digital electronics is not about to turn its back on them. In one effort to appeal to a younger generation of gamblers, Bally Technologies, based in Las Vegas, signed a deal with Atari, the video game pioneer, to develop a series of skill-based slot machines, starting with a Pong-style machine.

„The skill-based games would do it for me,“ said Bryan Colin, 24, a casino habitué who said he only rarely sits at a slot machine, and then only for 20 minutes and when he is „drunk and really bored.“